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                <p>学习一下InfluxDB</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.linuxdaxue.com/noun-interpretation-of-influxdb.html">InfluxDB学习之InfluxDB的基本概念</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/">InfluxDB中文文档 (gitbooks.io)</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="重要特性"><a href="#重要特性" class="headerlink" title="重要特性"></a>重要特性</h3><ul>
<li><strong>极简架构：</strong>单机版的InfluxDB只需要安装一个binary，即可运行使用，完全没有任何的外部依赖。</li>
<li><strong>极强的写入能力：</strong> 底层采用自研的TSM存储引擎，TSM也是基于LSM的思想，提供极强的写能力以及高压缩率。</li>
<li><strong>高效查询：</strong>对Tags会进行索引，提供高效的检索。</li>
<li><strong>InfluxQL</strong>：提供SQL-Like的查询语言，极大的方便了使用，数据库在易用性上演进的终极目标都是提供Query Language。</li>
<li><strong>Continuous Queries</strong>: 通过CQ能够支持auto-rollup和pre-aggregation，对常见的查询操作可以通过CQ来预计算加速查询。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-基本概念"><a href="#1-基本概念" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本概念"></a>1. 基本概念</h3><h4 id="一、与传统数据库中的名词做比较"><a href="#一、与传统数据库中的名词做比较" class="headerlink" title="一、与传统数据库中的名词做比较"></a>一、与传统数据库中的名词做比较</h4><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>influxDB中的名词</th>
<th>传统数据库中的概念</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>database</td>
<td>数据库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>measurement</td>
<td>数据库中的表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>points</td>
<td>表里面的一行数据</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="二、InfluxDB中独有的概念"><a href="#二、InfluxDB中独有的概念" class="headerlink" title="二、InfluxDB中独有的概念"></a>二、InfluxDB中独有的概念</h4><h5 id="1）Point"><a href="#1）Point" class="headerlink" title="1）Point"></a>1）Point</h5><p>==Point（一行）==由<strong>时间戳（time）、数据（field）、标签（tags）</strong>组成。  </p>
<p>Point相当于传统数据库里的一行数据，如下表所示：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Point属性</th>
<th>传统数据库中的概念</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>time</td>
<td>每个数据记录时间，是数据库中的主索引(会==自动生成==)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fields</td>
<td>各种记录值（==没有索引==的属性）也就是记录的值：温度， 湿度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tags</td>
<td>各种==有索引==的属性：地区，海拔（相当于要通过这个进行筛选查询？）</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="特别提醒："><a href="#特别提醒：" class="headerlink" title="特别提醒："></a>特别提醒：</h6><ol>
<li><p>==time 相当于表的主键==，当一条数据的<strong>time和tags完全相同</strong>时候，<strong>新数据会替换掉旧数据，旧数据则丢失</strong>（线上环境尤其要注意）。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>tags 和time可以作为排序字段，field则不可以</strong>。如：<code>ORDER BY time DESC</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>fields和tags的<strong>字段类型</strong>是由存入的第一条记录值决定的。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>举例：<br>如第一条记录<code>fieldA</code>的值为2，想插入一条记录，<code>fieldA</code>字段值为3.14的值，就会报错。因为该字段已经被初始化为整型了。<br>如第一条记录<code>fieldB</code>存储的是3,想插入一条记录，<code>fieldB</code>字段值为hello,则也会报错，该字段已被初始化成整型，不能再写入字符串了。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>建议只使用字符串类型和浮点类型，把所有的整型，长整型，浮点型，双精度型统一转为小数格式的浮点类型，再写入数据库，字符串类型的不用做转换，这样就不会出现插入数据失败和丢失数据了。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2）series"><a href="#2）series" class="headerlink" title="2）series"></a>2）series</h5><p>所有在数据库中的数据，都需要通过==图表来展示==，而这个series表示这个表里面的数据，可以==在图表上画成几条线==：通过tags排列组合算出来。 </p>
<p>如下所示：   </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token keyword">show</span> series <span class="token keyword">from</span> cpu
<span class="token keyword">key</span>
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu<span class="token operator">-</span>total<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu<span class="token operator">-</span>total<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
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cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
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cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu12<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu12<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu13<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu13<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>billing07
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cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu3<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
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cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu8<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu9<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>ResourcePool<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0246</span><span class="token operator">-</span>billing07
cpu<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cpu<span class="token operator">=</span>cpu9<span class="token punctuation">,</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span>billing07<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="2-基本操作"><a href="#2-基本操作" class="headerlink" title="2.基本操作"></a>2.基本操作</h3><p>InfluxDB提供类SQL语法，如果熟悉SQL的话会非常容易上手。</p>
<h4 id="一、InfluxDB操作方式"><a href="#一、InfluxDB操作方式" class="headerlink" title="一、InfluxDB操作方式"></a>一、InfluxDB操作方式</h4><p>InfluxDB提供三种操作方式：</p>
<p>1）客户端命令行方式</p>
<p>2）HTTP API接口</p>
<p>3）各语言API库</p>
<p>今天主要以命令行为例，为大家介绍下InfluxDB的基本操作，HTTP API接口和各种语言API库会在以后的文章中为大家详细介绍。</p>
<h4 id="二、InfluxDB数据库操作"><a href="#二、InfluxDB数据库操作" class="headerlink" title="二、InfluxDB数据库操作"></a>二、InfluxDB数据库操作</h4><p>与sql一样，以下是查增删用</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">show</span> <span class="token keyword">databases</span>
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">database</span> test
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">drop</span> <span class="token keyword">database</span> test
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">use</span> xk_name<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h4 id="三、InfluxDB数据表操作"><a href="#三、InfluxDB数据表操作" class="headerlink" title="三、InfluxDB数据表操作"></a>三、InfluxDB数据表操作</h4><p>在InfluxDB当中，并没有表（table）这个概念，取而代之的是MEASUREMENTS，MEASUREMENTS的功能与传统数据库中的表一致，因此我们<strong>也可以将MEASUREMENTS称为InfluxDB中的表</strong>。</p>
<p>1）显示所有表</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> MEASUREMENTS<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>2）新建表</p>
<p>InfluxDB中没有显式的新建表的语句，只能通过insert数据的方式来建立新表。如下所示：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">insert</span> disk_free<span class="token punctuation">,</span>hostname<span class="token operator">=</span>server01 <span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">442221834240</span>i <span class="token number">1435362189575692182</span>
<span class="token comment"># insert 表名,索引=xxx,索引2=xxx value1=记录值1,value2= time</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>其中 disk_free 就是表名，hostname是索引，value=xx是记录值，记录值可以有多个，最后是指定的时间。</p>
<p>执行后结果如下</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> disk_free
name: disk_free
<span class="token comment">---------------</span>
<span class="token keyword">time</span>            hostname    <span class="token keyword">value</span>
<span class="token number">1435362189575692182</span>    server01    <span class="token number">442221834240</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>以我们的数据来进行类比:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-json" data-language="json"><code class="language-json"><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
	<span class="token property">"Serial"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">123456</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                      <span class="token comment">// 设备编号	# 索引</span>
	<span class="token property">"UploadTime"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"2021-01-10 14:24:41"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>   <span class="token comment">// 上传时间	# 索引</span>
	<span class="token property">"GasType"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"VOC"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                      <span class="token comment">// 气体类型	# 索引</span>
	<span class="token property">"DataNum"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                          <span class="token comment">// 数据条数	# ？？？</span>
	<span class="token property">"Rssi"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                            <span class="token comment">// 信号值，网络信号 	# ？？？</span>
	<span class="token property">"Datas"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>                            <span class="token comment">// 每条数据的集合	# 记录值</span>
		<span class="token property">"Data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                            <span class="token comment">// 数据值	# value</span>
		<span class="token property">"DateTime"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"2021-01-10 14:21:00"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>    <span class="token comment">// 数据时间	# time</span>
		<span class="token property">"Flw"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"㎎/m³"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                        <span class="token comment">// 数据单位	# value</span>
		<span class="token property">"State"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>                           <span class="token comment">// 状态		# value</span>
		<span class="token property">"StateDetail"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"正常"</span>                   <span class="token comment">// 状态名称	# value</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
		<span class="token property">"Data"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		<span class="token property">"DateTime"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"2021-01-10 14:24:00"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		<span class="token property">"Flw"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"㎎/m³"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		<span class="token property">"State"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		<span class="token property">"StateDetail"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"正常"</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">insert</span> testiii<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">Serial</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">222222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>GasType<span class="token operator">=</span>VOC <span class="token keyword">Data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.565</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>State<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>StateDetail<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"高报"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>Flw<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"mg/m3"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>Rssi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">30</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>3）查询要注意时区：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-sql" data-language="sql"><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token keyword">disk</span> <span class="token keyword">where</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span> <span class="token operator">>=</span> <span class="token string">'2018-11-23 14:30:39'</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> <span class="token string">'2018-11-23 14:32:32'</span> tz<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Asia/Shanghai'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>按照北京时间查询</p>
<p>Windows环境下需要安装GO语言，然后重启。</p>

                
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